万世流芳

　　In 1860 Paris, chemist Louis Pasteur is considered a quack within the medical community for advocating that doctors and surgeons wash their hands and boil their instruments to destroy microbes that can kill their patients. He came across this belief when discovering microscopic organisms in sour wine which could be killed if heated sufficiently. The belief among the scientific community at large is that the organisms are the result of disease and not the cause. This belief is despite the fact that 30% of women die in childbirth due to childbed disease, accounting for 20,000 annual deaths in Paris alone. The debate takes Pasteur all the way to a meeting with Emperor Napoleon III and his physician, Dr. Charbonnet, who is one of the leading opponents of Pasteur. Several years later, France is a republic and much of Pasteur's reputation changes as a government sanctioned experiment with anthrax and sheep shows that a vaccine created by Pasteur proves effective. As Pasteur begins work on finding the cause and a cure for rabies, which proves a more difficult challenge, he still has his detractors, including Dr. Charbonnet. This continuing debate brings about his biggest challenge: proving that microbes are the cause of all disease. Through it all, he is supported not only by his family, but Dr. Jean Martel, who was once a junior physician in the emperor's court and a physician within the republic's government, but who now works with Pasteur and is his son-in-law. But an act of bravado by Charbonnet may ultimately prove to be the breakthrough for which Pasteur is looking. Moving the experimental treatments from animals to humans proves a bigger obstacle, as is Charbonnet's need to win at all cost in the court of public opinion. 　　译文(3): 1860年，化学家路易斯·巴斯德（Louis Pasteur）在巴黎被认为是医学界的庸医，因为他提倡医生和外科医生洗手并煮沸仪器，以摧毁可以杀死患者的微生物。当他在酸葡萄酒中发现微小的生物时，他产生了这种信念，如果足够加热，这些微生物可以被杀死。科学界普遍认为，生物体是疾病的结果，而不是病因。尽管30%的妇女死于儿童床疾病，仅在巴黎每年就有2万人死亡，但这种信念仍然存在。这场辩论将巴斯德带到了与拿破仑三世皇帝及其医生夏博内的会面，夏博内是巴斯德的主要反对者之一。几年后，法国成为共和国，巴斯德的声誉发生了很大变化，因为政府批准的炭疽和绵羊实验表明，巴斯德研制的疫苗被证明是有效的。巴斯德开始寻找狂犬病的病因和治疗方法，这是一个更艰巨的挑战，但他仍然有批评者，包括查博内博士。这场持续的争论带来了他最大的挑战：证明微生物是所有疾病的病因。在这一切中，他不仅得到了家人的支持，还得到了让·马特尔医生的支持。让·马特尔曾是皇帝宫廷的初级医生和共和国政府的医生，但现在与巴斯德共事，是他的女婿。但夏博内的虚张声势最终可能会被证明是巴斯德正在寻找的突破。将实验性治疗方法从动物转移到人类身上是一个更大的障碍，Charbonne需要不惜一切代价在舆论法庭上获胜也是如此。 收起